Shaving and burnishing tool



Nov, 18,

A. E. DRISSNER SHAVING AND BURNISHING TOOL Filed July 29, 1922 Ira/6705177 L [ii/ 1557181 Patente d Nov. 18, 1924.

UNITED STATES P T N oFFlcE.

ALFRED E. museum, or CLEVELAND, onro, assrenon 'ro THE, NATIONAL ACME COMPANY, or CLEVELAND, omo, A CORPORATION or 01110.

sna'vme Am iauamsame rooL.

Application flied July 29, 1922. Serial no. 578,326.

To all whomit may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED E. Dmssnnn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shaving and Burnishing Tools, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machine tools, and more'particularly to that form thereof known as burnishing tools or rolls, the obj cct thereof being to provide an improved burnishing tool or roll v which will also shave the work simultaneously. with the burnishing thereof, whereby both the operations of shaving and burnishing are effected by the. same tool instead of by separate or successive operations or by separate tools.

A further object of this invention is to provide a tool for simultaneously shaving and burnishing, the same being particularly adapted for operating upon the inside faces of the work irrespective of the shape thereof and which at the same time will befeflicient and effective in operation, economical and easy to manufacture and readil interchangeable with many difierent klIldS of holders.

A further object of this invention is to provide a combined shaving and burnishing tool adapted particularly for operating upon interior faces of the work irrespective of the shape thereof, the tool comprising a plurality of combined shaving and burnishing rolls circumferentially arranged and supported for operation by the work.

' Other objects ofthis invention will ap- ,p

pear in the following description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming apart of this specification wherein like reference characters indi cate corresponding parts in the several "bined shaving and burnishing tool filed November 5,1921, Serial No. 513,207, I

have illustrated a tool adapted particularly for shaving and burnishing in one operation the outside faces of the work, the tool comprising a single roll operative upon engagement with the face of the work. In the present invention the construction of the combined shaving and burnishing tool is such as to adapt the same particularly for operation upon interior faces of various types of Work. And instead of a single idler roller provided with a spiral cutting edge, the present invention contemplates especially the use of'a plurality of'circumferentially arranged rollers provided each with avspiral cutting edge, and as a result of the present construction the operation of shaving and burnishing is more quickly accomplished.

In its preferred form this improved tool comprises a suitable support or holder such as a shaft 9 provided at its outer end with a boss 10 suitably machined at opposite sides thereof for the reception of bearing collars 11 and 12. In the present instance these hearings are bored at spaced intervals circumferentially of the support and at an angle. to provide alined holes for journaling the bearing ends 13 of the rolls or rollers 14. In the present instance the several rollers 14 are shown as mounted at an angle or an incline so as to adapt the cutting edges thereof to operate upon tapered surfaces. In the' drawings eight rollers equally spaced circumferentially of the. tool have been shown, but-it is of course understood that any number of rollers may be used that may be best adapted for the particular character of work to be operated upon. Thus, if desired four rollers equally spaced around the axis of the tool may be rovided;

It is further understood that the shape of the rollers may be varied according to the shape of the'surface to be burnished and shaved. As herein shown the rollers are cylindrical in shape and have the axes thereof inclined ortapered. Yet is will be understood that the shape of the rollers may be varied to suit the shape of the work without changing the position of the axes thereof. Thus, for instance, the rollers could be curved in order to burnish a curved face of the work. On the outer surface or periphery of each roller is machined a spiral groove 15, which groove in the present instance isopen at one end 16 and extends in a spiral manner about the roller to a point 17 adjacent to the lateral edge of the roller.

' Thus the groove 15 in each roller is closed at one en 17 and in the present instance this closed end is shown provided with a depression or pocket for the reception of the chips, and by virtue of this construction the crowding of the chips against the sup porting bearing 12 is prevented. In other words, if the ends of the groove were not closed, the chips would pass to the hearings and damage them, but the closed end of the groove keeps the chips away from the bearings and enables the chips to be thrown off, as it were, by centrifugal action during the rotation of the rollers, the pockets merely serving to more eificientl retain the chips so that they will not in ure the bearingsl It will be understood that by having one end 16 of the groove open the chi s from the work will be forced toward die open end of the cove and cleared from the roller when t e'latter revolves. The surface of each roller 14 is ground after hardening and as a result sharp cutting edges '18 and 19 are formed by the several grooves, two opposed cutting. edges being preferably shown in this instance in order to provide a reversible tool. Furthermore the lead or effective range of operation of the grooves 15 which are herein shown as defined between the points 16 and 17, is preferably greater or longer than the length of the work to be burnished and shaved. "As a result the tool does not have to be shifted over the face of the work but upon engagement of the faces of the rollers with the surface 20 of the work the spiral cutting edges operate upon the entire face of the work upon the rotation of the rollers.

In the operation bf the tool the work 21 is rotated and upon carrying the tool or work forward so that the inclined faces of the rollers 14 will engage the inclined face 20 of the work, the rollers 14 will be caused to rotate with the work, thereby causing the spiral cutting edges of the several rollers to shave the work while the smooth surfaces of the tool or roll adjacent to such cutting edges are efiective to burnish or polish the work. The idler members 14 are" thus rotated by thework 21 and are effective to perform the combined operation of shaving and burnishing in a single direction of operation. It Wlll be noted that the. tool operates merely by engagement of the faces of the rollers 14 with the work, the latter rotating, and the tool is nqt shown driven directly nor is it necessary to shift the same endwise over the face of the work in order to shave and burnish the same. Also it will be seen that the angle formed by the side wall of the groove 15 and the face of the Y roller is substantially no greater than a right an le.- Hence the tool will shave as well as urnish the work. The tool will out only to the depth of the ridges or scratches or the rolls have no longitudinal or endwise movelike to be removed from the face 20 of the work due to the fact that the groove is narrower than the face of the tool at either slde' thereof. It will be observed that by 19 formed by the groove, the tool is reversible, and therefore the work may be shifted in either direction and at the same time cause the tool to cut.

-virtue of the opposed cutting edges 18 and In the operation of the tool as shown'75 form the combined operation of shaving and burnishing at the same time by the same rolls. merely by engagement with the faces of the rolls with the work, and there is no endwise shifting of the tool v as a whole across the face of the work, that is to say, the

ment on their holder or shaft 9. In practice either the work or the rolls or both might be driven by power, but the rotation of both by power is not necessary as entirely satis- As shown herein, the tool operates as factory results have been obtained by m merely shifting the work and holding the shaving and burnishing rolls in engagement therewith.

As shown herein, the tool is primarily intended for use with such machines as multiple spindle screw machines, wherein the work is rotated so that various tools will perform certain operations thereon, and when these operations are completed then the work or the burnishing tool is brought into engagement one with the other, thereby to perform its operations, but the particular manner of supporting or effecting the operation of the work and the tool one relatively to the other is not believed to be material to a complete understanding of the improvement, which has to do primarily with the construction of the tool rolls.

In practice it has been demonstrated that the best results are obtained by having the the relative diameters of the work and the rolls different, that is, the diameter of one should be smaller or larger than that of the other,

and in the present instance the rolls are shownas having the smaller diameter. t

It is a well known fact among those 'familiar with burnishing tools, that the cutting or'formin tools leaves the work to be burnished Wit a series of ridges and grooves, which may be likened very much 3 to a toothed or serrated surface, so that when the ordinary burnishing tool is used against the points of these serrations or ridges, the effect is to mash them down, that is, to turn or bend over these slightly projecting surfaces or ridges, and in consequence, when the work was subsequently hardened, these bent-over portions would peel off; therefore in order to avoid this, the work had to be shaved by one tool to shave off these ridges or points, and then subsequently burnished by a burnishing roll. This meant of course the use of two separate and distinct tools, involving considerable loss of time and additional labor, and therefore. increased expense, but in the present improvement, as the single tool, comprising combined shaving and burnishing rolls, operates to shave through the medium of the cutting'edges of the spiral groove and to burnish through the medium of the adjacent surfaces of the rolls, the work ofshaving and burnishing may be said to be done in one-half the time heretofore required, and with equally good, if not superior results, and certainly so where the work was burnished only.

In the present instance it will be seen that the angle formed by the side wall of the groove and the face of the tool is substantially no -greater than a right angle. For the purpose of doing the proper work, for which the tool is designed, it is not intended that the cut of the spiral groove shall be any deeper "than the depth of the ridges, scratches, or the like to be removed from the face of the work, although it has been found in practice that the tool will penetrate as much as three times or more deeper than previous burnishing tocls, and it will be observed that in the present instance the groove is narrower than the face of the tool between the grooved portions of the roll.

As a, result of the use of this improved tool, it has been found that the work does not have to be cut as smooth and true in order to get as clear polish free from tool scratches, since such scratches or roughened surface will be effectively removed by this improved tool, whereas heretofore if a clear polish free from tool scratches was desired without any shaving of the work subsequent to the forming or cutting thereof, it was necessary that the surface be cut very smooth and true in order that the burnishing tool produce a reasonably clear polish or smooth surface, and even then the surface would frequently peel or scale.

It will be understood thatby describing in detail herein any particular form, structure, or arrangement, it is not intended to limit the invention beyond the terms of the several claims or the requirements of the prior art, since I believe that I' am the first to provide aplurality of burnishing rolls,

each having a shaving or cutting portion and a burnishing portion, in other words, the first to provide a plurality of combined shaving and burnishing tools or rolls operative to simultaneously shave and burnish the work, and this regardless of how the cutting or burnishing surfaces are formed,

.and whether the surfaces are formed of a operative to burnish the work while the shaving thereofis proceeding. J

I claim as my invention:

-1. A combined shaving and burnishing tool operative to burnish the work while the shaving therof is proceeding and comprising a plurality of rolls each having a burnishing surface and a shaving or cutting ed e.

2. A combined shaving and burnis ing tool comprising a supporting member and a plurality, of rolls carried thereby, each having a burnishing surface and therein a spiral cutting or shaving edge and efiective to simultaneously shave and burnish the work.

3. A burnishing tool comprising a plurality of rolls, each having a burnishing surface and between the ends thereof a spiral groove having a cutting or shaving edge.

4. A combined shaving tool comprising a plurality of rolls, each having a burnishing surface and a spiral groove provided with opposed cutting or shaving edges.

5. A combined shaving and burnishing tool comprising. supporting means, a plurality of rolls carried thereby, each having a burnishing surface and a spiral cutting or shaving edge and each of said rolls having a diameter different from that of the work to be shaved and burnished.

6. A combined shaving and burnishing tool comprising supporting means, a plurality of rolls carried thereby, each having a burnishing surface and a spiral cutting or shaving edge and each of said rolls having a diameter less than the work to be shaved and burnished.

7.A combined. shaving andburnishing tool comprising a plurality of rotatable rolls supported to engage the work, each having a burnishin surface and therein a spiral groove provided with one or more cutting or shaving edges.

8. A combined shaving and burnishing tool comprising supporting means, a rotatable roll carried thereby and having a burnishing surface/and a spiral groove therein provided with a cuttingedge, said roll having a diameter less than that of the work to be operated on.

9. A tool of the class described comprising a support and a plurality of rotatable and burnishing members carried thereby and circumferentially arranged, each having a burnishing surface and between the en s of said burnishing surface means for cutting or shaving the work' while the. burnishing thereof is proceeding.

10. A tool of the class described comprising a support and a plurality of rotatable members carried thereby and circumferentially arranged, each having the'faces'thereof'tapered in the direction of the axis of the work and having a burnishing surface and between'the ends of such burnishing surface a cutting or shaving edge.

-11. A tool of the class described comprising a support, a plurality of rotatable members carried thereby and circumferentially arranged with their axes inclined and each having a burnishing surface and between the ends thereof a spiral cutting or shaving edge. Y

12. A tool of the class described comprising a-support, a plurality of rollers carried thereby, each of said rollers having a burnishi'fig surface and therein a groove provided with a cutting or shaving edge 0 erative to cut or shave during the 'burnis ing ing a burnishing surface having therein aspiral groove having a cutting or shaving I edge and each supported for rotation by the work. a 1 I 15. A tool of the class described comprising a support and a plurality of idler members'carried thereby, each having a burnishing surface provided with reverse cutting I or shaving edges.

I ing a support and a members carried there y, each of said members provided with a" burnishing surface 16. A tool of the class described comprislurality of rotatable having therein a groove forming 'a "cutting or shaving edge adapted tocut or shave the work said thereof.

17. A tool of the class described comprisgroove being open 'at one end ing a support and a rollercarried thereby,

said roller having its axis inclined and havedge.

- 18. A tool of the class described compris ing a burnishing surface provided therein with a groove having a cutting or shaving ing a suliport, a roller carried thereby and having t e face thereof shaped to correspond to the face of the work to beoperated 1,51e,2e9 a on and having a burnishing surface proa burnishing surface having therein a spiral cutting or shaving edge.

20. A tool of the class described comprising a support, a rotatable roller carried thereby and having .the face thereof inclined to correspond to the inclined face of the work to be operated upon, said roller having a burnishing surface and therein reverse spiral cutting or shaving edges.

21. A tool of the class described comprising a support and a plurality of circularly arranged rollers supported thereby for operation on the work,- said rollers having substantially the same diameters and each having a burnishing surface and thereina shaving or cutting edge, whereby the rolls will shave and burnish the work in one operation. I e I 22. A tool of the class described comprising a support and'a plurality of simultaneously operative rollers carried thereby, all

of said rollers bein operated by the work and each havin a urnishing surface provided with a spiral shaving or cutting edge.

23. A burnishing and shaving tool comprising a plurality of rolls located equidistant from the axis of the tool and supported for operation by the work and each having I a burnishing surface and therein a cutting or shaving portion. I

24. A burnishing and vshaving tool com.

prising a support and a plurality of rotatfor) able rollscarried thereby and ci'rcumferentially arranged, each having the faces thereof tapered in the direction of the axis of the work and its axis inclined and each having 7 a burnishing. surface and therein a spiral groove having one or more cutting or shaving ed es. I p

25. 1 tool of the class described comprising a cutting or shaving member having a burnishing surface and therein a spiral 27. A tool'of the class described comprisa ing a. cutting or shaving member supported for operation by the work and having a burnishing surface and therein a groove forming a cuttinw edge closed adjacent to the front end-of the cutting member.

28. The combination of supporting means,

a plurality of burnishing rolls-carried thereby and simultaneously operative, each havsaid roll in juxtaposition to a piece of work,

each of said burnishing rolls and work having different diameters and then rotating said rolls and work relatively to each other thereby to simultaneously shave and burnish the work.

30. The method of shaving and burnishing a piece of workwhich consists in providing a plurality of rolls, each with a burnishing surface having therein one or more spiral cutting or shaving portions, then supporting it in juxtaposition to a piece of work, said rolls each having a diameter'less than that of the work and then rotating said work and the rolls one relatively to the other thereby to cut or shave and burnish the work. i v

31. A combined shaving and burnishing tool comprising supporting means, and a rotatable roll carried thereby and having therein a spiralgroove provided with a cutting edge, said groove terminating at one end in a depression or pocket or reception of the chips.

32. A combined shaving and burnishing tool for shaving the tapered bore of a piece of work comprising supporting means having roller bearings, a plurality of spaced rolls carried by said bearings and converging toward one end of the supporting means, each of said rolls having a spiral groove therein provided with a cutting edge, said tool having means for preventing the chips from the Work injuring said bearings.

33. A combined shaving and burnishing tool comprising a. rotatable rollhaving a spiral groove therein. provided with a cutting edge, said groovehaving means for preventingthe passage of the chips beyond the end of the roll.

34. A combined shaving andburnishin'g 'tool comprising supporting means having roller bearings, a roll j ournaled in said bearings and having a spiral groove provided with a cutting edge, said tool havin means for'preventingchips from the wor injuring the bearings. Y

3-5. A combined shaving and burnishing tool comprising one or more rolls having a diameter different from that'of the work to be operated upon and each having a spiral groove therem provided with a cutting edge and constructed to throw ofi the chi s before the chips reach the end of the ro whereby said roll'will simultaneously shave,

burnish and dispose of the chips.

Signed at Cleveland, Ohio, this 20th day of July, 1922. f

ALFRED E. DRISSNER. 

